The discoverer: Hugó Preisz (1860-1940) Doctor of medicine, surgeon. From 1891 to 1906, he was head of the State Institute of Bacteriology and professor of the Hungarian Royal Academy of Veterinary Medicine then College of Veterinary Medicine. He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, founder of the science of bacteriology in Hungary.
(Source: Hungarian Veterinary Pantheon in Hungarian)
Other names: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Bacillus pseudotuberculosis ovis, Bacillus pseudotuberculosis, Corynebacterium ovis, Preisz-Nocard bacterium
Description: “This bacillus, taken from tissues, is very small and delicate, not much thicker than the bacillus of the erysipelas, in length 1½ to 3 times its thickness, but sometimes even longer, almost always straight, rarely curved; in stained preparation it sometimes appears to be discontinuous, that is, alternating stained and unstained media; sometimes two are connected at the apex…”
(The source of the detailed description (in Hungarian) and the picture is: Preisz Hugó: Bacillus pseudotuberculosis ovis. A juh álgümőkórjának bacillusa. In: Preisz Hugó: Bakteriológia. Budapest : Magyar Országos Állatorvos-Egyesület, 1899. XVIII. tábla, p. 293.)
“Preisz-Nocard-bacterium: one of the names of the coryneabacteria causing pseudotuberculos.”
“…pseudotuberculosis ovium: a pseudotuberculosis of sheep, a disease caused by Corynebacterium ovium (Preis-Nocard bacterium), the causative agent of equine lymphangioitis ulcerosa, the pyelonephritis bacteritica and other purulent processes; pseudotuberculosis in sheep is a chronic disease with multiple abscess formation in the udder, skin connective tissue, joints and lungs, as well as in other organs….”
(Source: Állatorvosi értelmező szótár. Szerk. Gallyas Csaba, Holló Ferenc. Budapest, Mezőgazdasági Kiadó, 1984. p. 610., p. 621.)
Year: 1891
Interesting: “In 1891, Preisz examined two kidneys from a sheep which, when seen with the naked eye, closely resembled those of a glandular tuberculosis, inasmuch as they contained whole nut-shaped, solid-cheese-like, partly calcified nodules; from these nodules he cultivated a characteristic bacillus which produced pseudoglandulosis in experimental animals. Nocard considers this bacillus to be the same as the one found in horses with lymphangoitis ulcerosa.”
(Preisz Hugó: Bacillus pseudotuberculosis ovis. A juh álgümőkórjának bacillusa. In: Preisz Hugó: Bakteriológia. Budapest : Magyar Országos Állatorvos-Egyesület, 1899. p. 292–293.)
“Who deserves the credit for the discovery of this pseudotuberculosis, namely the bacillus that causes it? This question is all the less to be avoided in our comparative studies, since some authors have not paid due attention to the data from other authors….After having reviewed all the literature to the best of our knowledge on pseudotuborculosis in a comparative manner, we shall summarize the results and conclusions which our comparative studies have led to. … For my comparative experiments, I used the very bacillus of Nocard which he obtained from the nasal secretions of a cow suspected of having tuberculosis and which he described in the spring of 1889, and which he later compared with the cultures of Charrin-Roger and Dor, and which he said was identical with the bacillus of the latter authors. It was Charrin and Roger, Dor and Nocard, therefore, who bred the bacillus of pseudotuberculosis in question before Pfeiffer and described it, though not as extensively as the latter; I think it was worth mentioning in order to clarify the question of priority.
The infectious diseases which in less than 3 years have been listed in a wide variety of places and ways, in chronological order: Charrin and Roger, Dor, Nocard, Pfeiffer, Zagari and Parietti have been found, described and partly given different names (as “Pseudotuberculosis bacillaire”, “Tuberculosis streptobacillaire”, “Tuberculosis zoogléique”) are one and the same disease, because they are caused by one and the same bacterium, the bacillus described above….”
(Preisz Hugó: A pseudotuberculosisnak juhban észlelt egy esetéről és a pseudotuberculosisról általában 2. Veterinarius, 1892. 15. 11. p. 491.)
Sources of the portraits:
Preisz Hugó https://konyvtar.univet.hu/panteon/egykep.php?abrazolasid=569&mit=3
Edmond Nocard by en:User:Rsabbatini – en:File:Edmond Nocard.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12492662
Further reading:
Preisz Hugó: A pseudotuberculosisnak juhban észlelt egy esetéről és a pseudotuberculosisról általában 2. Veterinarius, 1892. 15. 11. 488–507.
Preisz Hugó: A pseudotuberculosisnak juhban észlelt egy esetéről és a pseudotuberculosisról általában 1. Veterinarius, 1892. 15. 10. 433–442.
Preisz Hugó: A pseudotuberculosisnak juhnál észlelt egy esetéről és a pseudotuberculosisról általában. Veterinarius, 1891. 14. 9. 437–453.
Dorella,F., Carvalho Pacheco, L.G., Oliveira, S., Miyoshi, A., Azevedo, V.: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: microbiology, biochemical properties, pathogenesis and molecular studies of virulence. Veterinary Research, 2006. 37. 2. pp.201-218. (ff10.1051/vetres:2005056ff. ffhal-00903023) URL: https://hal.science/hal-00903023/document Letöltve: 2024.08.31.
Kótai István: Mit adtunk a világ állatorvos-tudományának? [Preisz Hugó]. Kamarai Állatorvos, 2012. 7. 3. 62-65.
Éva Orbán
